Opening the Gates to 4G Mobile

Opening the Gates to 4G Mobile
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4G Mobile Tegnology

4G Objective 

4G Approaches

All IP Network

 IPv6 Support

• Unlike 3G, whitch is based on two parallel infrastucture consisting of circuit switch and packet switched network nodes respectively, 4G will be based on packet switching only. This will require lowlatency data transmission.

• Ipv6 support is essential in order to support a large number of wireless-enabled device. By increasing the number of IP addresses, Ipv6 removes the need for Network Addresses Translation (NAT), although NAT will still be required to communicate with device that are on existing Ipv6 networks.

2.    Advanced Antenna System
Spatial Multiplexing

• Multiple antenna tecnologies are emerging to achieve high rate, high reliability, and long range communication.

• Spatial multiplexing gained importance fot its bandwidth conservation and power efficiency. It involves deploying multiple antennas at the transmitter and at the receiver. Independent streams can then be transmitted simultaniosly from all the antennas. This increases the data rate into multiple folds with the nimber of transmit and receiver antennas.. This is called MIMO (as a branch of intelegent antenna).

Transmit/Receiver Diversity

• Apart from this, the realibity in transmitting high speed data in the fading channel can be improved by using more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver. This is called transmit or receive diversity.

• Both transmit/receive diversity and transmit apatial multiplexing are categorized into the space-time coding tecniques.

3.   Cognitive Radio
Cognitive radio (CR), also related to software defined radio (SDR), is the type of radio in which communication system are aware of their envirotment and internal state and can make decisions about their radio operating behavior based on that information and predefined objectives.  

4.    Access Scheme

•  New access schemes like Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), interleaved FDMA and Multy-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) are gaining more importance for the next generation system.

1. WiMAX : OFDMA
2. LTE : OFDMA (downlink), IFDMA (Uplink)

• The other important advantage of the above is that they require less complexity for equalization at the receive. This is an added adventage aspecially in the MIMO envirotments since the spatial multiplexing transmission of MIMO systems inherently requires high complexity aqualization at the receive.

• In addition to improvements in these multiplexing system, improved modulation techniques are being used. Whereas earlier standards largely used phasa-shift keyying, more afficient system such as 64QAM are being proposed for use wit the 3GPP Long Evolution standards.